UTF-8
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UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Unicode characters U+0000 to U+007F are encoded simply as bytes 00h to 7Fh. This means that files and strings which contain only 7-bit ASCII characters have the same encoding under both ASCII and UTF-8.
All characters > U+007F are encoded as a sequence of several bytes, each of which has the two most significant bits set. No byte sequence of one character is contained within a longer byte sequence of another character. This allows easy search for substrings. The first byte of a multibyte sequence that represents a non-ASCII character is always in the range C0h to FDh and it indicates how many bytes follow for this character. All further bytes in a multibyte sequence are in the range 80h to BFh. This allows easy resynchronization and robustness.
| Code points | 1st byte | 2nd byte | 3rd byte | 4th byte | most significant bits of the first byte of a multi-byte sequence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+0000..U+007F | 00..7F | 0 | ASCII | |||
| U+0080..U+07FF | C2..DF | 80..BF | 110 | - UTF-8 Latin characters | ||
| U+0800..U+0FFF | E0 | A0..BF | 80..BF | 1110 | ||
| U+1000..U+FFFF | E1..EF | 80..BF | 80..BF | 1110 | - UTF-8_subscripts_and_superscripts | |
| U+10000..U+3FFFF | F0 | 90..BF | 80..BF | 80..BF | 11110 | |
| U+40000..U+FFFFF | F1..F3 | 80..BF | 80..BF | 80..BF | 11110 | |
| U+100000..U+10FFFF | F4 | 80..BF | 80..BF | 80..BF | 11110 |
UTF8 functions
FreePascal
The system unit contains some basic functions:
- UnicodeToUtf8
- Utf8ToUnicode
- UTF8Encode
- UTF8Decode
- AnsiToUtf8
- Utf8ToAnsi
Lazarus
Lazarus also contains UTF8 functions. For more details see LCL Unicode Support
See also
- Dealing with directory and filenames - UTF8 functions for files
- LCL Unicode Support - UTF8 in graphical applications
- Console mode Pascal: Unicode (UTF8) output - Showing UTF8 output in console mode/text mode programs
- UTF8 strings and characters
