File size and smartlinking/zh CN
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这篇文件是关于Lazarus可执行文件大小和智能链接的一项正在进行的工作。请随意贡献。
介绍
在Free Pascal中，"智能链接"是指从最终的可执行文件中移除未使用的代码和变量。这是在链接阶段完成的，此时可执行文件是由提供编译器先前创建的对象文件编写的。
在Windows中的案例研究1
This study was conducted on the 8th of February 2006 because a Lazarus fully compiled with Smartlinking was Released (version 0.9.12). It intends to establish the relationship between the varying results below with different Lazarus and Free Pascal versions as well as with Smartlinking and without.
正在研究的变量是:
- 在strip后的可执行文件的大小
- 在strip和UPX后的可执行文件的大小
- 链接时间
在这里不考虑编译时间，because it´s too similar on all configurations and much less significant than the link time.
Executable size without strip isn´t included. Notice that strip was used always from command line with the command:
strip --strip-all magnifier.exe
The program being compiled is the Virtual Magnifying Glass. The source and binaries for this program are freely available for download on: http://magnifier.sourceforge.net
About the linking time please note that the utilized computer is 3.2GHz Pentium 4 with Intel motherboard and dual core processor and 512MB of RAM.
结果
The utilized OS is Windows XP and the 0.9.13 versions are from the same date when 0.9.12 was release. The comparison took place using the following software configurations:
- Lazarus 0.9.12 available here. Free Pascal 2.0.2 that comes with the installer. LCL and RTL are smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.12.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 downloaded from Subversion from the same date. Free Pascal 2.0.2 installed separately. The LCL is not smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.0.2.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 that comes with the installer. The LCL is not smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.1.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 that comes with the installer. The LCL is smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.1 + SL.
| 0.9.12 | 0.9.13 + 2.0.2 | 0.9.13 + 2.1 + SL | 0.9.13 + 2.1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 在strip后的文件大小 (以字节为单位) | 1,108,480 | 1,587,712 | 1,425,408 | 1,649,152 |
| 在UPX后的文件大小 (以字节为单位) | 318,976 | 438,272 | 388,608 | 454,144 |
| 链接时间 | 15 seconds | 5 seconds | 45 seconds | 10 seconds |
结论
The 0.9.13 snapshot from the 8th of February 2006 features a unstable compiler from the 2.1 branch, which can cause the bigger executables and slower linking time as compared to the other versions.
The 0.9.12 version has the best file size of all, both with UPX and without, showing that Smartlinking really can diminish the file size in Windows. This, however, does not come without a cost, and the cost is linking time, which is about 3 times higher then without smartlinking.
The 0.9.12 version already comes fully configured for Smartlinking on Windows and no extra configuration is needed. This was not the case on previous releases.
Remove unused functions in a class
Q: If a virtual method of a class is not used at all in the programm will the compiler remove it from the executable ?
A: If you use FPC 2.3.1 with whole-program optimization and the compiler can prove that it is never callable: yes. See Whole Program Optimization for more information. In case this is in relation to the thread on the Lazarus list about the big executables: note that it has only a limited effect on Lazarus programs, because almost all linked LCL code can potentially be executed (due to the way the LCL is constructed). In fact, I think most savings there come from making a number of virtual method calls non-virtual, rather than from throwing away unreachable code.
The internal linker can also do it (only throwing away virtual method calls, not turning virtual method calls into static ones), but only on Windows platforms. It is however not currently enabled in the compiler, because the changes break the external linker. It should therefore be turned into a command line option (along with a check that produces an error if you try to link a unit compiled with the option using the external linker), but that hasn't been done yet.
Q: How can the compiler determine that a virtual method is unused at all,
A: If you have a class hierarchy TBase->TDerived1->TDerived2 with a virtual method called "vmethod", and nowhere in the program there is a call to vmethod, then it is unused. Or if it is only called using TDerived2 instances, then if the linker does not find any direct references to TDerived1.vmethod or TBase.vmethod (e.g., via "inherited" calls from TDerived2 methods), it knows that the VMT entries for "vmethod" in TDerived1 and TBase can be set to nil.
Bytes Used
Here's a layout by pascal units in bytes used for code. The size is based on Dwarf2 information generated. Doesn't include resources size used by a unit.
The project is a single form application (no additional controls used). Lazarus used is a Trunk version of 23 Jan 2020.
No optimization was used during compilation.
| Size | Lib | Package | Category | File name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 238704 | lcl | base | controls.pp | |
| 144064 | lcl | base | graphics.pp | |
| 111280 | lcl | ws | win32/win32int.pp | |
| 106880 | lcl | base | forms.pp | |
| 98000 | rtl | rtl | system.pp | |
| 94432 | lcl | base | intfgraphics.pas | |
| 90352 | lcl | base | comctrls.pp | |
| 90224 | rtl | rtl | classes.pp | |
| 59552 | lcl | base | stdctrls.pp | |
| 51888 | lcl | base | interfacebase.pp | |
| 50336 | rtl | rtl | ../win/sysutils.pp | |
| 37728 | lcl | base | imglist.pp | |
| 35456 | rtl | rtl | rtl-objpas/src/inc/variants.pp | |
| 33232 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf8.pas | |
| 31456 | lcl | base | extctrls.pp | |
| 30912 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadtiff.pas | |
| 30816 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wscomctrls.pp | |
| 30800 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsmenus.pp | |
| 28832 | lcl | base | menus.pp | |
| 25984 | lcl | base | maskedit.pp | |
| 24480 | rtl | rtl | rtl-objpas/src/win/varutils.pp | |
| 24048 | lcl | base | dialogs.pp | |
| 23632 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/fpjson.pp | |
| 23456 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsstdctrls.pp | |
| 23408 | lcl | base | lclintf.pas | |
| 18448 | lcl | base | lresources.pp | |
| 17904 | lcl | lazutils | textstrings.pas | |
| 16736 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpcanvas.pp | |
| 16544 | lcl | lazutils | graphtype.pp | |
| 13408 | lcl | base | themes.pas | |
| 13168 | lcl | ws | win32/win32proc.pp | |
| 13136 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/pixtools.pp | |
| 13088 | lcl | lazutils | lazloggerbase.pas | |
| 12368 | lcl | lazutils | laz_avl_tree.pp | |
| 11872 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimage.pp | |
| 11776 | lcl | base | actnlist.pas | |
| 11488 | lcl | base | buttons.pp | |
| 10576 | rtl | debug | ../inc/heaptrc.pp | |
| 10544 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsbuttons.pp | |
| 10464 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/typinfo.pp | |
| 9744 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadpng.pp | |
| 9696 | lcl | base | graphmath.pp | |
| 9536 | lcl | lazutils | lazlogger.pas | |
| 9424 | lcl | lazutils | lazfileutils.pas | |
| 9296 | lcl | base | buttonpanel.pas | |
| 9248 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritetiff.pas | |
| 8864 | lcl | base | clipbrd.pp | |
| 8768 | lcl | ws | win32/win32extra.pas | |
| 8768 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jquant2.pas | |
| 8720 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmarker.pas | |
| 8160 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritepng.pp | |
| 8016 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritebmp.pp | |
| 7792 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/trees.pas | |
| 7648 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zdeflate.pas | |
| 7536 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/ellipses.pp | |
| 7472 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsforms.pp | |
| 7456 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadbmp.pp | |
| 7328 | lcl | ws | win32/win32themes.pas | |
| 6880 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdcoefct.pas | |
| 6864 | lcl | base | lclproc.pas | |
| 6624 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf16.pas | |
| 6400 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wscontrols.pp | |
| 6240 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infblock.pas | |
| 5920 | lcl | base | lclrescache.pas | |
| 5792 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadjpeg.pas | |
| 5728 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fppixlcanv.pp | |
| 5680 | fcl | ws | win32/win32wsspin.pp | |
| 5648 | lcl | lazutils | maps.pp | |
| 5632 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsimglist.pp | |
| 5568 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jchuff.pas | |
| 5520 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jmemmgr.pas | |
| 5392 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jquant1.pas | |
| 5264 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadgif.pas | |
| 5232 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdphuff.pas | |
| 5152 | lcl | base | imagelistcache.pas | |
| 5104 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsstdctrls.pp | |
| 5008 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/jsonscanner.pp | |
| 4992 | lcl | base | widgetset/wslclclasses.pp | |
| 4880 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcphuff.pas | |
| 4848 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/contnrs.pp | |
| 4816 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fptiffcmn.pas | |
| 4768 | rtl | debug | ../inc/lnfodwrf.pp | |
| 4640 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmaster.pas | |
| 4592 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdhuff.pas | |
| 4512 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcparam.pas | |
| 4256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcsample.pas | |
| 4208 | lcl | base | widgetset/wscomctrls.pp | |
| 4160 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infcodes.pas | |
| 3936 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/inftrees.pas | |
| 3616 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmarker.pas | |
| 3584 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zstream.pp | |
| 3584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctint.pas | |
| 3488 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritepnm.pp | |
| 3472 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadpnm.pp | |
| 3360 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmerge.pas | |
| 3312 | lcl | base | icnstypes.pas | |
| 3248 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jccoefct.pas | |
| 3216 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdsample.pas | |
| 3168 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmainct.pas | |
| 3152 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsimglist.pp | |
| 3120 | lcl | base | spin.pp | |
| 3120 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmaster.pas | |
| 3104 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/uxtheme.pp | |
| 2992 | lcl | base | widgetset/wscontrols.pp | |
| 2944 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/jsonparser.pp | |
| 2896 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jccolor.pas | |
| 2848 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zinflate.pas | |
| 2832 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdcolor.pas | |
| 2816 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcdctmgr.pas | |
| 2752 | lcl | lazutils | lazmethodlist.pas | |
| 2736 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctred.pas | |
| 2704 | rtl | debug | ../inc/exeinfo.pp | |
| 2688 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctfst.pas | |
| 2576 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctflt.pas | |
| 2496 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/fgl.pp | |
| 2464 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdinput.pas | |
| 2448 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsfactory.pas | |
| 2352 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritejpeg.pas | |
| 2320 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcprepct.pas | |
| 2208 | lcl | lazutils | lclclasses.pp | |
| 2032 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jerror.pas | |
| 2016 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/multimon.pp | |
| 2016 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctint.pas | |
| 1952 | rtl | winapi | windows.pp | |
| 1888 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdapimin.pas | |
| 1872 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/clipping.pp | |
| 1824 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/inffast.pas | |
| 1808 | lcl | base | extendedstrings.pas | |
| 1712 | lcl | base | customtimer.pas | |
| 1648 | lcl | base | helpintfs.pas | |
| 1584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctfst.pas | |
| 1584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctflt.pas | |
| 1584 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/math.pp | |
| 1472 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdpostct.pas | |
| 1360 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdapistd.pas | |
| 1280 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/custapp.pp | |
| 1200 | lcl | lazutils | lazfilecache.pas | |
| 1152 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsmenus.pp | |
| 1152 | lcl | lazutils | lazclasses.pas | |
| 1120 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jddctmgr.pas | |
| 1056 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsforms.pp | |
| 1040 | lcl | lazutils | integerlist.pas | |
| 1024 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcapimin.pas | |
| 992 | lcl | base | lcltype.pp | |
| 848 | lcl | lazutils | lazstringutils.pas | |
| 832 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimgcanv.pp | |
| 768 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsproc.pp | |
| 688 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/types.pp | |
| 672 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsdialogs.pp | |
| 672 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf8classes.pas | |
| 656 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmainct.pas | |
| 656 | rtl | rtl | ../inc/fpintres.pp | |
| 640 | lcl | lazutils | laztracer.pas | |
| 624 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdatasrc.pas | |
| 560 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimgcmn.pp | |
| 528 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infutil.pas | |
| 528 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/syncobjs.pp | |
| 512 | lcl | base | lclmessageglue.pas | |
| 496 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jutils.pas | |
| 496 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdatadst.pas | |
| 480 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcapistd.pas | |
| 464 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/commctrl.pp | |
| 432 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsextctrls.pp | |
| 432 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zbase.pas | |
| 384 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jmemnobs.pas | |
| 368 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcomapi.pas | |
| 336 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/objpas.pp | |
| 288 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsdialogs.pp | |
| 288 | fcl | xml | fcl-xml/src/htmldefs.pp | |
| 256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jinclude.pas | |
| 256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcinit.pas | |
| 256 | lcl | lazutils | lcltaskdialog.pas | |
| 256 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_xmlread.pas | |
| 224 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsspin.pp | |
| 208 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsbuttons.pp | |
| 208 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/adler.pas | |
| 192 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/unicodedata.pas | |
| 144 | lcl | lazutils | avglvltree.pas | |
| 128 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsreferences.pp | |
| 112 | lcl | lazutils | stringhashlist.pas | |
| 112 | main | app | project1.lpr | |
| 96 | rtl | winapi | ../win/windirs.pp | |
| 96 | rtl | winapi | ../win/dos.pp | |
| 80 | lcl | base | lclversion.pas | |
| 80 | lcl | base | lclplatformdef.pas | |
| 80 | lcl | base | forms/calcform.pas | |
| 80 | lcl | lazutils | fileutil.pas | |
| 64 | lcl | ws | win32/interfaces.pp | |
| 64 | lcl | lazutils | lazutilities.pas | |
| 64 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_dom.pas | |
| 64 | rtl | rtl | ../inc/strings.pp | |
| 48 | lcl | lazutils | lconvencoding.pas | |
| 48 | lcl | lazutils | lazsysutils.pas | |
| 48 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_xmlutils.pas | |
| 48 | lcl | lazutils | fpcadds.pas | |
| 48 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/rttiutils.pp | |
| 32 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/gettext.pp |
- Note, that zlib is used for PNG images reading and writting
by Lib
| lib | code | percentage |
|---|---|---|
| rtl | 340752 | 15.46% |
| lcl | 1491184 | 67.75% |
| fcl | 372176 | 16.88% |
| main | 122 | 0.01% |
| Total | 2204234 | 100% |
